Google Search Analysis: Rich Search Results and Structured Data

A way to improve rich search results and usability for websites.

What is structured data?

By definition, structured data refers to a high degree of organization and quality in presenting data to search engines.

For example, imagine you have a website with various subpages — search engines can index these pages and figure out the content. However, it can take time. Especially depending on how much traffic your website gets.

By explicitly telling search engines what your page contains, you allow them to easily index, display, and generate rich results or snippets when possible.

Examples

In the first image, you can see search results appearing in the Google carousel. Two are marked up as VideoObjects that link to their respective players. Similarly, in the second image, you can see a list of events (movies) available on the page.

Rich Video Snippets and Rich Search Results

Data Types

There are various ways to approach structured data. Two common, and simplest in terms of development, are Microdata and JSON-LD.

Microdata

Microdata consists of inline HTML attributes defining Schema.org vocabulary; such as the type of content being displayed. This is the least recommended way of defining structured data, even by the creators themselves.

Nevertheless, supplying structured data is better than not supplying anything at all. In my experience, I don’t think it should be disregarded entirely for JSON-LD. Microdata works nicely with auto-generated markup which I will get to later on.

JSON-LD

Similarly, JSON-LD, (JavaScript Object Notation for Linked Data), is designed around the same concept to explain to browsers the content that the page contains. It has become the newest web standard in active development by Google. In conjunction with Schema.org, they work to improve advanced search results, rich snippets, and the knowledge graph of the web.

Data Types

There are many data types which you can choose from that are supported by both Google and Schema vocabulary, but each have their respective differences. For the rest of the examples, we’ll be using Breadcrumbs and Movies.

Breadcrumbs

Breadcrumbs are used as a navigational aid for users to see which page they are currently on and all of the previous ones leading back to the root of the site.

Specifics

In this example, imagine we are on the subpage: www.example.com/movies/mission-impossible-fallout

Breadcrumbs seem self-explanatory, but in fact, you need to do some special things in order to get Google to index your data correctly.

Firstly, the root element “Home”, cannot be an item of the breadcrumb object. Otherwise, Google will index your root site twice like the following:

www.example.com › Home › Movies › Mission Impossible: Fallout

In actuality you’d want to link your website like so; Home is the root page.

www.example.com › Movies › Mission Impossible: Fallout

Secondly, the first subpage “Movies” is level 1, and “Mission Impossible: Fallout” is level 2. However, you should not link the current page!

Breadcrumb Microdata Example

As mentioned above, you should not include the root page as a listItem inside the BreadCrumbList, but you can still make a link to it with no downsides.

The first subpage needs:1). To be of type **ListItem**2). Have a position (level) of 13). Contain a separator item after the current item such as › > | ||, etc.

In Google’s examples, the › separator is used frequently, so that’s what I stuck with

Movies

Strangely enough, the Movie object is entirely supported and shows up in rich snippets/results but is not included in the list of support data-types.

Movies come in various forms of results depending on the device and search query.

In theory, rich results such as videos and movies improve click through rate.

Mobile Rich Snippet

These look great, right? Let’s generate some markup! Not so fast bucko... Google has an obvious obligation to promote their own platform, YouTube, first. It can be extremely difficult to get previews like this in the SERPS.

It’s unlikely you’ll get rich results within days or even weeks after implementing them. It’s decided by Google and their hidden algorithms, marking up all data correctly, and a lot of luck. Be patient.

Testing

Google has nice tools to test structured data and sometimes even allow you to see an example “preview” of what the search engine would generate from your markup. The first tool I recommend using is the structured data testing tool.

This tool allows you to fetch structured data through a website crawler and/or paste the code snippet in directly to see valid/invalid microdata and JSON-LD.

Try it for yourself:

Understanding the generated result:

When you supply enough information to apply for a possible rich result in Google, a button named [PREVIEW] will show up. Don’t be alarmed if your result looks different than the one below. A variety of factors (always, right?) plays a role in generating a correct thumbnail. If the image was recently uploaded or not indexed by Google, the preview may show blank or even nothing.

Data Structure Result - 0 Errors, 0 Warnings

Alternative resources

Unfortunately, Google is going through a phase of many beta versions of the search console, analytics, and data structure testing. While testing, be aware if you supply information with minimal warnings and no errors, your markup or JSON-LD is most likely valid.

Rich Results

That being said, this tool will generate a nice preview. Albeit, only for mobile view.

Search Appearance

Under Search Traffic › Search Analytics › Search Appearance

View available rich results if applicable — see impressions, CTR (click through rate), and position per search query.

Please note; search results are delayed by 3 days.

Events

There are two main types of events. Short term and Long-Term.

Short Term

These events get indexed by Google every day, as long as there are more events available. This can be useful if your content or event has a very short lifespan.

Advantages

If you have a long array of events ready to be picked out by Google, this would be the recommended way to show events. The rich results will change constantly, so long as there is data available. With this, impressions for this result will increase — in theory improving click-through rate to your page.

Disadvantages

Specifying your data as short-term events when not having enough data could cause search results to be less desirable.

Long Term

Events get indexed with a starting and ending date. The indexed result will remain until at least one becomes expired.

Advantages

Exact dates for an available event can be very important in cases where events last many days or even weeks. e.g. a multi-day music event.

Disadvantages

This has come up before in development; if you let Google decide which date to show by itself (3 maximum events at a time on Desktop and Mobile; excluding other search results) — you could be stuck with data that you don’t want to be displayed. This can take up until at least one event becomes expired.

Conclusion & Keynotes

There is no one right way to describe to search engines what your page contains. Do what makes sense.

Microdata is not obsolete

If you can supply the data for page hierarchy, use microdata. In my first introduction, I was assigned to add BreadcrumbList to our existing pages. Thankfully, the CMS allowed to access parent pages and it’s parent’s pages, allowing us to crawl up the hierarchy up to the root of the site. We wanted to make navigation easier for the users, thus microdata (visible data) made more sense than JSON-LD. Examples can be seen here.
I was about 8 years old at the time, but hCalendar microdata was launched to mark up event information. I initially learned about this microdata format from searching similar sites as the one used in my examples. They still use this microdata along with BroadcastEvent very successfully.

Tools

There are many tools to use to see social sharing previews, validate structured data, and view valid markup examples.

Steal Our JSON-LD: a great tool to see valid JSON-LD snippets.

Schema.org Examples: simply put; this is a complete dictionary by the creators themselves. I highly recommend testing with the microdata/JSON-LD examples.

Structured Data Testing Tool Chrome Extension: I found out about this after completing event markup on a very popular page. Nonetheless, it’ still very handy when quickly troubleshooting structured data.

Thanks for reading!

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