How to Send Emails Using Python

For software products of every scale, emails are the de facto standard for notifying your users. It’s a fast, cost-effective, and readily accessible channel for reaching your users, especially if you’re sending transactional emails or generating event-driven alerts.

In this post, I’ll go over three ways to send emails with Python. Apps can leverage Python for sending emails for an array of use cases. For example, you can generate alarms if things go south in production, send confirmation emails to new users, or notify users of new activity in your app.

3 ways to send emails from your Python app

There are three main options for sending an email with Python: SMTP, a transactional email service, and a multichannel notifications service.

Below, I’ll review the pros and cons of each option. Then, in the next section, I’ll walk you through three different code tutorials for using each option to send emails with Python.

1. Using SMTP

Python has a built-in module for sending emails via SMTP, making getting started with email a piece of cake.

Pros of using SMTP

• Easy to set up
• Highly cost-effective
• Platform agnostic

Cons of using SMTP

• Less secure
• No built-in analytics
• Longer send times
• Long-term maintenance and uptime burden

2. Using a transactional email service

You can also easily integrate third-party transactional email APIs like SendGrid, Mailgun, and AWS SES. If you are planning to send a high volume of emails or need to ensure deliverability, a hosted email API can be a great option and many providers offer a free or low-cost plan to start.

Pros of transactional email services

• Feature-rich, e.g., analytics
• High email delivery rates
• Better email delivery speeds
• Scalability and reliability

Cons of transactional email services

• The learning curve for new API
• Dependent on third-party intermediary

3. Using a multichannel notifications service

Finally, you can use a multichannel notifications service if you’re planning to notify users on more than one channel. Courier, for example, gives you one uniform API to notify users over email, SMS, push, and chat apps like Slack and WhatsApp. Plus, you’ll get a drag-and-drop template builder and real-time logs and analytics for all your channels.

Even if you’re only sending emails today, multichannel notifications services can save you time and money. With a platform like Courier, you can easily add new channels, switch email service providers, or even add backup providers without writing any additional code. You get a complete notifications system that can scale with your product’s growth.

Pros of multichannel notifications services

• Single API for multiple channels
• Easy to manage cross-channel delivery
• Less code to write and maintain

Cons of multichannel notifications services

• Additional third-party intermediary

Tutorial: How to send emails using SMTP in Python

You can use Python’s built-in smtplib module to send email using SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), which is an application-level protocol. Note that the module makes use of the RFC 821 protocol for SMTP. I’ll show you how to use Gmail’s SMTP server for this walkthrough.

1. Set up a Gmail account for sending your emails. Since you’ll be feeding a plaintext password to the program, Google considers the SMTP connection less secure.

2. Go to the account settings and allow less secure apps to access the account. As an aside, Gmail doesn't necessarily use SMTP on their internal mail servers; however, Gmail SMTP is an interface enabled by Google's smtp.gmail.com server. Thus, you might find smtp.gmail.com in email clients like Thunderbird, Outlook, and others.

3. Import smtplib. Since Python comes pre-packaged with smtplib, you have to create a Python file and import smtplib into it.

4. To create a secure connection, you can either use SMTP_SSL() with 465 port or .starttls() with 587 port. The former creates an SMTP connection that is secured from the beginning. The latter creates an unsecured SMTP connection that is encrypted via .starttls().

To send email through SMTP_SSL():

import smtplib

gmail_user = 'your_email@gmail.com'
gmail_password = 'your_password'

sent_from = gmail_user
to = ['person_a@gmail.com', 'person_b@gmail.com']
subject = 'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet'
body = 'consectetur adipiscing elit'

email_text = """\
From: %s
To: %s
Subject: %s

%s
""" % (sent_from, ", ".join(to), subject, body)

try:
    smtp_server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL('smtp.gmail.com', 465)
    smtp_server.ehlo()
    smtp_server.login(gmail_user, gmail_password)
    smtp_server.sendmail(sent_from, to, email_text)
    smtp_server.close()
    print ("Email sent successfully!")
except Exception as ex:
    print ("Something went wrong….",ex)

To send email through .starttls():

import smtplib 
try: 
    #Create your SMTP session 
    smtp = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587) 

   #Use TLS to add security 
    smtp.starttls() 

    #User Authentication 
    smtp.login("sender_email_id","sender_email_id_password")
    
    #Defining The Message 
    message = "Message_you_need_to_send" 
    
    #Sending the Email
    smtp.sendmail("sender_email_id", "receiyer_email_id",message) 

    #Terminating the session 
    smtp.quit() 
    print ("Email sent successfully!") 

except Exception as ex: 
    print("Something went wrong....",ex) 

Now that you've initiated a secured SMTP connection, you can move forward and write your message and pass it to .sendmail().

Tutorial: How to send emails using a transactional email service in Python

Consider using a transactional email service, if you need to send a high volume of transactional emails or optimize deliverability. There are many to choose from, including Amazon SES, Mailgun, and Postmark, and the vast majority support Python.

In this tutorial, I’m going to use SendGrid, one of the most popular email APIs. What sets a service like SendGrid apart from SMTP are the out-of-the-box features. SendGrid offers easy integration with a simple API, email analytics, round-the-clock support, and high deliverability rates.

Setting up SendGrid with Python is a fairly simple process:

Create an account with SendGrid. SendGrid’s free plan includes 100 emails per day.

Generate and store a SendGrid API key and provide full access to Mail Send permissions.

Create a Python script and start using the API.

To begin using SendGrid’s API via Python, follow these steps:

1. To install the sendgrid package on your machine, refer to SendGrid's GitHub installation guide or directly install via pip install sendgrid.

2. To use the package in a Python script:

import sendgrid
import os
from sendgrid.helpers.mail import Mail, Email, To, Content

3. To assign your API key to the SendGrid API client:

my_sg = sendgrid.SendGridAPIClient(api_key = os.environ.get('SENDGRID_API_KEY'))

4. To send an email, create the body and generate JSON representation. Refer to SendGrid’s complete code block:

import sendgrid
import os
from sendgrid.helpers.mail import Mail, Email, To, Content

my_sg = sendgrid.SendGridAPIClient(api_key=os.environ.get('SENDGRID_API_KEY'))

# Change to your verified sender
from_email = Email("your_email@example.com")  

# Change to your recipient
to_email = To("destination@example.com")  

subject = "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet"
content = Content("text/plain", "consectetur adipiscing elit")

mail = Mail(from_email, to_email, subject, content)

# Get a JSON-ready representation of the Mail object
mail_json = mail.get()

# Send an HTTP POST request to /mail/send
response = my_sg.client.mail.send.post(request_body=mail_json)

Note that you can easily set up SendGrid and send up to 10,000 exclusive mail requests every second with your Django and Flask web applications.

Tutorial: How to send emails using a multi-channel notifications service in Python

If you’re looking to scale your application’s notification capabilities while keeping your codebase clean, you should consider a multichannel notifications service like Courier. Courier allows you to bring your own email provider, including support for SMTP and most popular transactional email APIs.

I’ll walk you through setting up Courier and sending notifications in the following steps. I’ll use the same SendGrid account that we set up in the prior tutorial.

1. Sign up for Courier and navigate to the Designer tab on the left.

2. Click "Create Notification” Now you’re ready to integrate a provider for email. Courier supports direct integrations with several popular email providers such as SendGrid, Postmark, MailChimp Transactional, and more. For this tutorial, let’s go with SendGrid.

3. To integrate with the channel of your choice, click "+ Add Channel” Once you’ve added your configured SendGrid integration, you can start adding content.

1. To design your notification, drag and drop the template blocks. You can also add custom code to your notification by overriding the entire email or adding a code block. If you decide to send your notification over another channel, you can reuse the same template blocks, and Courier will take care of updating the formatting.

5. With your Courier account configured, create a Python script. You can download Courier’s Python Package via pip install trycourier.

6. Once you’ve published your notification, Courier will automatically generate a code snippet for you to use. Copy-paste the code snippet and make an API call with the following script:

from trycourier import Courier 

client = Courier(auth_token="Courier_Authentication_Token")

response = client.send( 
    event="your-notification-id" #Your notification ID from Courier 
    recipient="your-recipient-id" #Usually your system's User ID
    profile={ 
        "email": "user@example.com" #The recipient’s email address
    }, 
    data={ 
        "Loredm Ipsum": "dolor sit amet" #Tthe message you wish to send 
    }
)

print(response['messageId'])

How to send emails with attachments in Python

To include attachments in your email notifications, you can add an optional 'override' parameter as follows:

from trycourier import Courier 

client = Courier(auth_token="Courier_Authentication_Token")

response = client.send( 
    event="your-event-id", 
    recipient="your-recipient-id", 
    profile={ 
        "email": "recipient_id",
        "phone_number": "recipient_number"
    }, 
    data={ 
        "Loredm Ipsum": "dolor sit amet" 
    },
    override={} #Pass the override here
)
print(response['messageId'])

Pass the following override to the override parameter to equip your emails with attachment functionality:

"override": {
    “channel”: {
      “email”: {
        "attachments": [
          {
            "filename": "sample_file.txt",
            "contentType": "text/plain",
            "data": "SGk="
          }
        ]
      }
    }
}

Wrapping it up

This article was essentially three tutorials in one, covering methods for sending emails with Python via SMTP, a transactional email service (SendGrid), and a multichannel notifications service (Courier). With basic Python knowledge, you should now be able to choose your preference among the three solutions and easily extend your web application’s functionality when it comes to transactional emails and notifications.

Author: Milan Bhardwaj