Between 2010 and 2014, the rates of self-harm, depression, and anxiety amongst teenage girls doubled. The same can not be said for boys in the same age range, or for women who are older. This is unusual and the cause is unknown. However, a pair of social psychologists have been studying the data from North American and UK studies and are trying to get to the bottom of it. Their conclusion; Instagram exploits the natural vulnerabilities in a developing adolescent girl.
"When a boy steps away from the console, he does not spend the next few hours worrying about what other players are saying about him. Instagram, in contrast, can loom in a girl’s mind even when the app is not open, driving hours of obsessive thought, worry, and shame."
The research suggests that Instagram's toxicity does not come from malicious coding of the algorithms. Instead, it is the nature of a platform that girls use to post photographs of themselves and await the public judgments of others.
-
Seven-in-ten U.S. teens aged 13 to 17 said they used Instagram.
-
11% of parents of children aged between 9 and 11 said that their kids were on Instagram (despite them being below the age limit.)
In 2017, British researchers asked 1,500 teens to rate how each of the major social media platforms affected them on certain well-being measures, including anxiety, loneliness, body image, and sleep. Instagram scored as the most harmful, followed by Snapchat and then Facebook.
Facebook’s own research that was leaked by the whistleblower Frances Haugen had a similar finding: “Teens blame Instagram for increases in the rate of anxiety and depression.” They also noted that “social comparison is worse” on Instagram. Whereas Snapchat’s filters “keep the focus on the face,” Instagram “focuses heavily on the body and lifestyle.”
A recent experiment for Science Direct confirmed these observations. In the experiment, young women were randomly assigned to use Instagram, or to use Facebook, or play a simple video game for seven minutes. The researchers found that “those who used Instagram, but not Facebook, showed decreased body satisfaction, decreased positive affect, and increased negative affect.”
Talking Points: Girls are far more likely to be on social media than boys, who tend to spend more time playing online games. Girls are also far more likely to be preoccupied with their appearance than boys of their own age. Any parent of adolescents will tell you that. This is the essence of the conclusion from this research. That Instagram amplifies the natural tendencies in adolescent girls to compare and judge how they look against other girls (in nature's race to get the best mate.)
But that doesn't let Instagram (or social media in general) off the hook. Because all social media exploit these natural tendencies to keep engagement rates high. They know the more they feed the user with stuff they're interested in, the longer they will stay online and the more adverts they will see. Remember, every user on Facebook is worth $40 a year in advertising fees. When it comes to young people online, it is much harder for them to understand and appreciate that many of the images they are hooked into a cycle of watching are fake or photoshopped.
In the USA, the 1998 Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act sets an age limit to restrict online access to platforms like Instagram. Originally the legislation proposed 16 as the age at which children should legally be allowed to give away their data and their privacy to sign up for an online account.
However, the online giants of 20 years ago successfully lobbied to have the age of the so-called “internet adulthood” lowered to 13. Of course, back then we had no iPhone, no Instagram, no 15-second or 140 character attention spans. A lot has changed in 20 years except the legislation and surely it's time for the US/West to revisit the online rules for youngsters.
Just as they are doing in China. The current Big Tech Crackdown has severely restricted online time for kids to 40 minutes a day and banned all online activity after 10 pm. China has also mandated routine time-outs to stop kids from getting locked into a continuous cycle of doom-scrolling on highly addictive apps like TikTok.
Sources:
The Atlantic, 118 Pages of Research Notes
Footnote: the source article was written by Jonathan Haidt, a social psychologist at the New York University Stern School of Business. He is the author of The Righteous Mind and the co-author of The Coddling of the American Mind (a book I am reading at the moment and highly recommended!
To read the full article, go here.
Instagram Stats
- Instagram has over 1 billion users.
- 63% of Americans say they check Instagram daily.
- Research in Australia found the average Instagram user spends at least 7 hours per week on the platform.
- Instagram was among the top five most-downloaded apps in both the Apple App Store and on Google Play in 2020. The app scored c13 million downloads in Q2 2020 alone. As of January 2021, the app is second only to TikTok in the App Store in terms of downloads.
-
Social media demographics continue to point to a predominantly female (34.3%) user base that’s under the age of 34.
-
The platform is largely still dominated by Gen Z and Millennials. This is further driven home by some recent Instagram stats compiled by Statista.
The Wiser! Newsletter relies on the donations and subscriptions from readers like you. Now, there is a THIRD way that you can support this newsletter. This issue of Wiser! is brought to you with the support of Morning Brew, an excellent daily newsletter read by 3 million every morning (inc me). Every time you click on the link below, you will earn this newsletter ¢50 in an affiliate fee. That's all you have to do, click the link. It is safe to do so.
This Essay was first published in the Wiser! Newsletter on 3rd December 2021.