The Beginner's Guide to GitHub for Managing Your Software Versioning

If you know any of the Software Developer around and never heard them talking about GitHub? maybe they are having hard time managing their software versions and you could be the one telling them about the Powerful tool- "GitHub"

As the picture describes it all, if you have GitHub taking your back, you turn out to be a powerful Developer taking down challenges of managing your code. This tool is used by over 40 million people to learn, share and work together to build software.

Our primary discussion here would be around using git commands to manage code at different stages. So, without wasting further time, let's get started.

Create a GitHub Repository

Before you get going with Software Development, the first thing you need to do is setup a Git Repository.

Option 1: How to create a repository on GUI? check here.

Option 2: You can create local repository using command below and later push it (we will see this in some time) to your GitHub account.

Command: git init
Description: This will initialize a local Git repository

Set up Endpoints

Once you have your repository created, it's time we set up respective endpoints from where your teammates can push their versions or features of the software.

How to set it up?

Create a directory on the local file system.
Select Clone "Clone or download" on GitHub, copy the link
In Visual Studio Code, select File -> Add Folder to workspace -> Select the newly created directory
Select Terminal Window

In the Window, type:

Command:

git config --global user.name <github userID>

Description: set a name that is identifiable for credit when review version history .

Command:

git config --global user.email <valid-email>

Description: set an email address that will be associated with each history marker .

Command:

git config --global color.ui auto

Description: set automatic command line coloring for Git for easy reviewing.

Command:

git clone <URL from GitHub link copied earlier>

Description: retrieve an entire repository from a hosted location via URL.

Git Commands

If you have reached this stage, that means you have already started coding your version of the Software and ready to use other git commands to manage and share your code with others on the GitHub repository you created above.

A. Stage and Snapshot:

Command:
```
git status
```
Description: show modified files in working directory, staged for your next commit

Command: git add [file]
Description: add a file as it looks now to your next commit (stage)
Command:
```
git reset [file]
```
Description: unstage a file while retaining the changes in working directory
Command:
```
git diff
```
Description: diff of what is changed but not staged
Command: git diff --staged
Description: diff of what is staged but not yet committed
Command git commit -m “[descriptive message]”
Description: commit your staged content as a new commit snapshot

B. Branch and Merge

Command:
```
git branch 
```

Description: list your branches. a * will appear next to the currently active branch
Command: git branch [branch-name]
Description: create a new branch at the current commit
Command: git checkout
Description: switch to another branch and check it out into your working directory
Command: git merge [branch]
```
 
```
Description: merge the specified branch’s history into the current one
Command:
```
git log 
```
Description: show all commits in the current branch’s history

C. Inspect and Compare

Command: git log
Description: show the commit history for the currently active branch
Command:
```
git log branchB..branchA
```
Description: show the commits on branchA that are not on branchB
Command:
```
git log --follow [file]
```
Description: show the commits that changed file, even across renames
Command:
```
git diff branchB...branchA
```
Description: show the diff of what is in branchA that is not in branchB

D. Share and Update

Command:
```
git remote add [alias] [url]
```
Description: add a git URL as an alias
Command: git fetch [alias]
Description: fetch down all the branches from that Git remote
Command: git merge [alias]/[branch]
Description: merge a remote branch into your current branch to bring it up to date
Command: git push [alias] [branch]
Description: Transmit local branch commits to the remote repository branch
Command: git pull
Description: fetch and merge any commits from the tracking remote branch

E. Tracking Path Changes

Command:
```
git rm [file]
```
Description: delete the file from project and stage the removal for commit
Command:
```
git mv [existing-path] [new-path]
```
Description: change an existing file path and stage the move
Command:
```
git log --stat -M
```
Description: show all commit logs with indication of any paths that moved

F. Rewrite History

Command:
```
git rebase [branch]
```
Description: apply any commits of current branch ahead of specified one
Command:
```
git reset --hard [commit]
```
Description: clear staging area, rewrite working tree from specified commit

G. Temporary Commits

Command:
```
git stash
```
Description: Save modified and staged changes
Command:
```
git stash list
```
Description: list stack-order of stashed file changes
Command:
```
git stash pop
```
Description: write working from top of stash stack
Command:
```
git stash drop
```
Description: discard the changes from top of stash stack

If you want to make your life little easy after writing huge lines of code, you could manage your code using GIT's GUI version instead of commands we saw above.

Installations available for different versions as below,

GitHub for Windows | GitHub for Mac

For Linux and Solaris platforms, the latest release is available on the official Git web site

I hope this content has been informative for you and would like to thank you for investing 7 mins of your valuable time reading this article.